3.3.2: Focus
Focus efforts to cut appointees of all types on the program or bureau level. Other Information:
Efforts to cut appointees of all types should focus on the program or bureau level. The best empirical evidence suggests that
career managers perform more effectively than political appointees at this level of management. David Lewis has compared PART
scores (2004-08) of agencies headed by political appointees and career executives. He found that programs administered by
career executives systematically performed better than those headed by political appointees. Placing career executives in
program management roles will induce career executives to stay and build careers in the federal service without sacrificing
political accountability. Presidential appointees at the head of agencies and bureaus will continue to oversee the careerist
managers of federal programs.
Indicator(s):
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